We are now marching south over the sea ice of Eureka Sound. We see here the mountains of very distinctive characteristics: craggy mountains with jagged, wavy features on the surface. The blackish brown of the wavy part and the whiteness of the snowcapped area contrast beautifully with each other and stand out in the surroundings. I suppose the rugged edges of the mountains were scraped away by the glaciers in ancient times. I just marvel at the wave patterns on the rocky surface, which look as if they were artificial creation. Even Stepan from Russia, who is an experienced climber, says he has never seen a mountain like this and looks totally stuck with wonder.

Rugged mountains at Eureka Sound

"The saw-toothed ridge was formed by glacier erosion from both sides of the valley and is called as arâte in French or knife ridge in English. It is clear that the Eureka Sound was fully occupied by glaciers probably during the last ice age and then the glaciers retreated and vanished from the valley due to the climate warming after the ice age ended 10,000 years ago." Professor Yoshiyuki Fujii National Institute of Polar Research